Feeding- Marcin Szmel
Feeding aquarium fish is such an obvious task that is easily becomes a routine. Nevertheless, it has to be remembered that proper fish feeding is one of the crucial issues with regard to their health and vitality. Therefore, the routine can appear to be destructive. Text’s author attempts to discuss the issue of fish feeding in a greater detail and points out the mistakes that may be made.

Heiko Bleher was again, as every year since 1964-65, on one of his yearly Amazon- expeditions and came back with some amazing new  discoveries. He was able to penetrate into four different river basins,  which is very difficult to reach, but for a  chartered plane and a  small boat.  As the first ever fishes explorer and researcher in that region,  he was able to reach the upper Apaporis River (see some real photos  of the area in his book, Bleher's Discus volume I on pages 497-500)  and discovered there new Apistogramma species, new Corydoras, several  new Loricariids, more then 20 unidentified characoid species, amazing  knife fishes, a new Green Discus Variant, a certainly new angelfish  species and many more. In last issue, I wrote about the facts on each species, Symphysodon discus, S. aequifasciatus and S. haraldi; about where they occured; I presented the fishes, including pictures for their easy identification, and details of their habitats. Today I would like to give you some information on how they vary across their range, what their food in nature consists of, and about their mates in the wild. And at the end I would like to write about setting up a biotope aquarium for discus.

How to buy terrarium animals? Part II - Witold Borkowski

Turtle’s shel - Wojciech Urynowicz
Turtle’s shell evolved from different body parts – skin and bones. The shell consists of two parts – carapace and plastron. The only uncovered body parts in these reptiles are the ones in the front and hind sides of the shell. The shell gives the turtle endurance and serves as a source of information on any vibration in its environment. The shell is a living organ so the turtle feels any damage done to it. That’s the aspect to be remembered when one wants to take care of these animals.

Gudgeon - dr Hubert Zientek
Gudgeon (Gobio gobio gobio) is a species popular in our waters. It is an excellent fish for coldwater aquarium or garden pond – it is even possible to breed the fish in such conditions. It is a peaceful and docile fish both towards the representatives of its own species and other species as well.

Cyprinella lutrensis in a coldwater aquarium -  dr Hubert Zientek
The species comes from South America and it is found in cold waters. It belongs to Cyprinidae family and can be easily recommended for all aquarium hobbyists that wish to learn more on poorly known ichthyofauna of the above mentioned continent. Red shiner (also known as red-horse minnow) reaches more than 7 cm in length and is characterized by astonishing colours. It is a very active, docile, shoaling fish and it easily adapts to unfavourable environmental conditions. Without detriment to its health red shiner survives temporal increase in water temperature, even up to 30°C in summer as well as its decrease to 12°C in winter.

Interview with Waldemar Jastrzębski

"Spektrum"  - Ryszard Patryas
Poecilia reticulata fanciers have for many years read international “Der Guppybrief” bulletin issued in Berlin. Since August 2008 a new quarterly magazine „Guppy - Molly - Xipho Spektrum” has been published by Interessengemeinschaft Guppys – Mollys – Xiphos association. Let us present the magazine’s contents below.

Three methods reproduction Nematobrycon palmeri - David Jopek
Nematobrycon palmeri belongs to characids and has been kept in aquaria for relatively long time. It is found in South America. Females are particularly astonishing due to their beautiful fins with elongated dorsal and tail fin rays. If the aquarium is properly lightened fish expose their coloration in all its glory.  Emperor tetra is a very interesting fish species and even an inexperienced aquarium hobbyist may attempt breeding it. Males guard spawning area despite the fact that they don’t take care of the fry afterwards.

Bronze corydoras (Corydoras aeneus) - Sławomir Siudakiewicz
Bronze corydoras is a popular fish that was found in South America. It reaches the length of ca. 7 cm. Cories, just like loricariids, are treated by most aquarium hobbyists as tank cleaners and they don’t get the attention they deserve. If you want to enjoy keeping these nice fish you should treat them “seriously”. Well fed cories readily spawn in good conditions and taking care of their fry is uncomplicated.

The most unusual larvae - Zbigniew Strzelecki
Fishes have their own characteristic larvae. Sometimes they resamble the adult fishes, sometimes they are very different. Three deep-sea species from genus Idiacanthus probably have the most unusual larvae in the world. Their eyes are at the ends of long stalks.